Resiliencia, optimismo, esperanza y sentido de vida en el adulto mayor con y sin enfermedad crónica de la ciudad de Bogotá / Resilience, Optimism, Hope, and Sense of Life in Older Adults With and Without Chronic Diseases in Bogota

Resumen El padecimiento de enfermedades crónicas impacta la calidad de vida, el bienestar y el funcionamiento de los adultos mayores. De allí la necesidad de potencializar las cualidades y recursos psicológicos que incidan de forma positiva en su calidad de vida. En ese sentido, el objetivo de la investigación fue describir los niveles de resiliencia, optimismo, esperanza y sentido de vida en el adulto mayor con o sin enfermedad crónica. El diseño del estudio fue de tipo descriptivo correlacional, de corte transversal, por encuesta. Participaron 200 personas, 100 que presentaban una enfermedad crónica y 100 que no la presentaban, seleccionadas mediante muestreo no aleatorio de sujetos disponibles, residentes en Bogotá (Colombia). Se utilizaron instrumentos para medir resiliencia (Cuestionario Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC 10)), optimismo (Escala de Optimismo Disposicional (DIOP)), esperanza (Escala de esperanza para adultos AHS (Adult hope scale)) y propósito vital (Test de Propósito Vital (PIL)). Los resultados indican que los adultos mayores con enfermedad crónica muestran niveles menores de resiliencia, optimismo, esperanza y propósito de vida, en comparación con los adultos mayores sin enfermedades crónicas. Lo anterior, nos permite entender que la condición de enfermedad afecta los recursos psicológicos de la persona, entendidos en esta investigación como resiliencia, optimismo, esperanza y propósito de vida, que a su vez funcionan como factores protectores de la salud mental en los procesos de enfermedad, en los cuales se visualiza la oportunidad de fortalecer o reforzan mediante el establecimiento de programas de intervención.

Abstract Having a chronic disease impacts the quality of life, well-being, and functioning of older adults. Hence the need to potentiate the psychological qualities and resources that positively impact their quality of life. In this sense, the objective of this research was to describe the levels of resilience, optimism, hope, and sense of life in older adults with or without chronic diseases. The study design is descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional, with the use of surveys. A total of 200 people participated, 100 with a chronic disease and 100 without, selected through non-random sampling of available subjects residing in Bogota (Colombia). Instruments were used to assess resilience (Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale Questionnaire [CD-RISC 10]), optimism (Dispositional Optimism Scale [DIOP]), hope (Adult Hope Scale [AHS]), and vital purpose (Vital Purpose Test [PIL]). The results indicate that older adults with chronic diseases have lower levels of resilience, optimism, hope, and life purpose, compared to older adults without chronic diseases. This allows us to understand that having a disease impacts the psychological resources of a person, understood in this research as resilience, optimism, hope, and life purpose, which in turn function as protective factors of mental health. There is an opportunity to strengthen or reinforce these factors through the creation of intervention programs.

Interrelaciones entre el sentido de la vida, la actividad física, la red de apoyo social, la edad y el género en adultos mayores / Interrelationships between the meaning of life, physical activity, social support network, age, and gender in older adults

Resumen Introducción: los adultos mayores que asisten a los centros diurnos tienen la oportunidad de interactuar con sus pares y realizar actividades, lo cual podría incidir en su sentido de la vida. Objetivo: evidenciar las asociaciones entre el sentido de la vida, la actividad física, la red de apoyo social, la edad y el género en siete centros diurnos de la provincia de Heredia, Costa Rica. Metodología: el estudio es cuantitativo de corte transversal. Se eligieron siete centros diurnos de los cuales se seleccionó una muestra por conveniencia de 77 adultos mayores. Las variables investigadas fueron el sentido de la vida, la actividad física, la red de apoyo social, la edad y el género. Para la recolección de datos se utilizaron autoreportes y los investigadores ayudaron a aclarar dudas sobre las preguntas. Resultados: el 46 % de las personas mayores reportó una falta de sentido de la vida y un 36 % un nivel de actividad física baja. Se determinó una asociación significativa entre la red de apoyo social y el sentido de la vida (.= .911; p < .001), entre la edad y la red de apoyo social (.=.30 .=.048), y entre el apoyo social y el género femenino (.=-6.08, .=.010). Conclusiones: la red de apoyo social es un predictor del sentido de la vida, así como la edad y el género predicen la red de apoyo social; pero no la actividad física reportada sobre las variables investigadas.

Abstract Introduction. Older adults attending daycare centers are in an environment in which different variables are interrelated and could shape their meaning of life, among other aspects. Objective: To analyze the associations between the meaning of life, physical activity, social support network, age, and gender in seven-day centers in the province of Heredia, Costa Rica. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional quantitative study. Seventy-seven older adults were recruited from seven-day centers. The variables investigated were the meaning of life, physical activity, social support network, age, and gender. Self-reports were collected and researchers clarified any doubts. Results: 46% of the participants reported a meaningless life and 36% low levels of physical activity. Significant associations were found between social support network and meaning of life (. = .91; . <.001), age and social support network (. = .30 . = .048), and social support and female gender (. = -6.08, . = .010). Conclusions: The social support network is a predictor of the meaning of life and age and gender predict the social support network, but not the physical activity reported in the variables investigated.

The relationship between moral sense of life and prosocial behavior among medical students: the multiple mediating effects of meaning in life and empathy / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To explore the relationship between moral sense of life and prosocial behavior among medical students, and the multiple mediating effects of meaning in life and empathy.Methods:A total of 721 medical students from Weifang Medical University were tested with moral sense of life scale (MSLS), meaning in life questionnaire (MLQ), interpersonal reactivity index-C (IRI-C) and prosocial behavior tendency scale (PBTS). Common method bias test, Spearman correlation analysis and hierarchical regression analysis were conducted to analyze the data using SPSS 22.0 software, and PROCESS macro program was used to test the mediating effect of meaning in life and empathy between moral sense of life and prosocial behavior.Results:Moral sense of life, meaning in life, empathy and prosocial behavior were significantly positively correlated with each other( r=0.24-0.56, all P<0.01). Analysis of mediating effects revealed that moral sense of life affected prosocial behavior through three indirect pathways: the separate meditating effects of both meaning in life and empathy (the effect size=0.11, 0.06), accounting for 57.89% and 31.58% of the total indirect effect respectively), the chain mediating effect of meaning in life and empathy (the effect size=0.02), accounting for 10.53% of the total indirect effect. Meaning in life and empathy play a full mediating role in the relationship between moral sense of life and prosocial behavior. Conclusion:Moral sense of life can indirectly increase medical students′ prosocial behavior through meaning in life and empathy. Meaning in life and empathy exert a chain-mediating effect between moral sense of life and prosocial behavior.

Malestar ético y desgaste emocional en profesionales que trabajan en proyectos de atención psicosocial a víctimas de violencia política en Medellín y Antioquia / Ethical discomfort and emotional toll in professionals who work on psychosocial care projects for victims of political violence in Medellin and Antioquia (Col)

Resumen Objetivo: Este artículo se enmarca en una investigación sobre procesos de reparación e intervención psicosocial, con víctimas de violencia política y el conflicto armado en la ciudad de Medellín y otros municipios del departamento de Antioquia, ejecutados bajo la Ley 1448 de 2011. Se pretende comprender las experiencias subjetivas de malestar ético y desgaste emocional en profesionales vinculados a estos proyectos de reparación que han tenido consecuencias negativas en la población y en los profesionales. Método: Se realizó una investigación cualitativa, con enfoque fenomenológico-hermenéutico, a través de 32 entrevistas semiestructuradas y en profundidad a igual número de profesionales que laboraron en estos proyectos y manifestaron sentirse "quemados" en su trabajo con muestreo tipológico, intencional y en bola de nieve. La interpretación de resultados se realizó a partir de un análisis categorial de discurso, procediendo con un análisis de coherencia e intratextual de cada entrevista para pasar al proceso intertextual, que cruzaba el relato de todos los participantes, según categorías (Desgaste emocional/Malestar ético). Resultados: Se hizo una codificación teórica que evidenció significados compartidos y representaciones construidas, donde se identificaron dilemas éticos ante el ordenamiento tecno-burocrático, deficiencias en la calidad de la atención y acciones poco transformadoras, que generan daño, lo cual produjo malestar subjetivo y desgaste emocional en los profesionales. Conclusiones: Se hace necesario sortear las vicisitudes burocráticas de los proyectos y abrir espacios para un trabajo coherente y restaurador por parte de los profesionales, que a su vez permita el cuidado y mejores condiciones laborales.

Abstract Objective: This is a research paper related to psychosocial care projects for victims of political violence and the armed conflict, in Medellin and other municipalities from Antioquia, based on Law 1448 of 2011. In order to understand subjective experiences, which reveal ethical discomfort and emotional toll on professionals committed with support projects, which have had negative impacts not only on those professionals but also on the community. Method: A qualitative research, with a phenomenological-hermeneutic approach was conducted, 32 in depth, semi-structured interviews, with 32 professionals who worked on these support projects and who claim to be "stagnated" in their work. Typological and intentional sampling, through snowball was performed. In order to interpret results, processes such as: a categorical of speech analysis, then consistency and intra-textual analysis of each interview, going through an inter-textual process which made possible to classify stories of all participants by categories (Emotional distress/Ethical discomfort), were considered. Results: A theoretical encoding, showed shared meanings and constructed representations, where ethical dilemmas because of the techno-bureaucratic procedures, were evident; likewise, deficiencies in relation with the quality of the attention and non-significant transformative actions, which generate damage, subjective discomfort and emotional toll on professionals were observed. Conclusions: To avoid bureaucratic vicissitudes on these kind of projects and to open spaces for a coherent and restorative work, providing then care and better working conditions for these professionals, would become necessary.

Caracterización de la espiritualidad del estudiante de la Corporación Universitaria Lasallista 2017-2018 / Characterization of the spirituality of students at the Lasallian University Corporation in 2017-2018 / Sentidos das práticas discursivas na formação de educadores na chave da educação pela paz e a construção da cidadania

Resumen Introducción: este artículo es el resultado de un proyecto de investigación basado en la descripción de las características de la espiritualidad de los jóvenes de la Corporación Universitaria Lasallista realizado entre 20162018. Objetivo: interpretar las características que conforman la espiritualidad de los jóvenes en la Corporación Universitaria Lasallista. Materiales y métodos: se realizó a partir de un enfoque cualitativo. El método empleado fue el hermenéutico y la aplicación de técnicas de recolección de datos como la encuesta a 346 jóvenes de la Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, a través de un cuestionario por correo conformado con preguntas abiertas, en donde los participantes describieron su espiritualidad. Además, se realizaron cinco grupos focales con un grupo de estudiantes y docentes. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizó la técnica de triangulación. Resultados: entre los resultados más relevantes del estudio, se concluye que los jóvenes relacionan la espiritualidad con creencias en una fuerza divina en la cual, la mayoría le otorgan un sentido trascendente que le da sentido a su existencia. En cuanto a la manera como los jóvenes expresan y viven la espiritualidad se halla que gira en torno a apuestas plurales. Conclusiones: se evidencia que no hay la presencia de un tipo de espiritualidad, sino que cada joven tiene una manera diferente de constatar su búsqueda de lo sagrado en la vida y, la alimenta desde las creencias y la similitud con el sentido de vida.

Abstract Introduction: This article is the result of a research project based on the description of the characteristics of the spirituality of young people of the Lasallian University Corporation. Objective: Interpret the characteristics that form the spirituality of young people in the Lasallian University Corporation. Materials and methods: The work was carried out based on a qualitative approach. The main method applied was hermeneutics and data collection techniques such as the survey were applied to 346 young people of the Lasallian University Corporation, through a mail questionnaire made up of open-ended questions where participants described their spirituality. In addition, there were five focus groups with a group of students and teachers. The triangulation technique was used to analyze the data. Results: Among the most relevant results of the study, it is concluded that young people relate spirituality to beliefs in a divine force to which the majority grant a transcendent meaning that gives meaning to their existence. As for the way young people express and live spirituality, it is found that it revolves around plural bets. Conclusions: It is evident that there is no presence of a type of spirituality, but that each young person has a different way of confirming their search for the sacred in life and feeds it from beliefs and similarity to the meaning of life.

Resumo Introdução: esta reflexão de pesquisa emerge no marco da situação que vivia Colômbia a fim de consolidar o acordo da paz, é por isso que, se fiz necessário centrar o olhar na formação de educadores, pois estes são atores sociais, éticos e políticos que com seu trabalho pedagógico aportam à construção uma cultura de paz. Neste sentido, o objetivo esteve orientado para revelar as práticas discursivas em torno à educação para a paz e construção de cidadania que circulam e se apropriam na formação de educadores em oito faculdades de educação e dois normais superiores no departamento de Antioquia. Os materiais e métodos: a pesquisa é qualitativa com a abordagem fenomenológico e documental, as técnicas utilizadas: entrevista, grupo focal e análise documental; os instrumentos: guia de entrevista, guia de grupo focal e o ficho para a análise de documentos institucionais. A análise se realizou com a informação que emitia cada instrumento e posteriormente se triangulou em uma matriz de quatro quadrantes do sentido proposto pelos pesquisadores. Os resultados: os sentidos das práticas discursivas se plantearam desde quatro perspectivas, que são subjetiva, objetiva, intersubjetiva e interobjetiva. Se Conclui que os sentidos das práticas discursivas estão situados desde o subjetivo no próprio saber, sentir e vivência. O objetivo nas experiências, protocolos e estratégias. O intersubjetivo na inter-relação e cultura discursiva e a interobjetiva se refere à institucionalização e aplicação explícita das políticas educativas.

Sentidos de vida de mujeres víctimas por desaparición forzada en Granada, Antioquia / Sense of Life of Victimized Women of Forced Disappearance in Granada, Antioquia

Resumen Al analizar las acciones que emprenden las mujeres víctimas por desaparición forzada en Granada, (Antioquia) y las incidencias que dichas acciones tienen en sus sentidos de vida, nace la necesidad de indagar por las formas cómo han resignificado las mujeres víctimas el hecho por desaparición, debido a la falta de significación entre el estado y la ciudadanía. En este sentido, el proyecto investigativo cobra relevancia en el estudio fenomenológico como forma de analizar cada uno de los fenómenos representados en la desaparición forzada, el cual permita narrar y describir cada una de las afectaciones, acciones e incidencias de cada una de las mujeres víctimas de la Asociación De Víctimas De Granada (Asovida). Por tal motivo, se hace necesario el enfoque logo terapéutico como propuesta metodológica de resignificación de los sentidos de vida para encaminar cada una de las experiencias como guía para el restablecimiento de cada uno de sus derechos, en la construcción de paz.

Abstract In analyzing the actions undertaken by victimized women forced disappearance in Granada, (Antioquia) and the incidents that these actions have on their senses of life, it is necessary to investigate the ways that victimized women have given a new meaning to the fact related to disappearance, due to the lack of significance between the state and the citizenry. In this sense, the research project becomes relevant in the phenomenological study as a way of analyzing each one of the phenomena represented in the forced disappearance, which allows to narrate and to describe each one of the affections, actions and incidents of each of the victimized women of the Association of Victims of Granada (Asovida). For this reason, the logotherapeutic approach is necessary as a methodological proposal for the resignification of the senses of life in order to channel each of the experiences as a guideline for the restoration of each one of their rights, in the construction of peace.

Validación del Test Sentido de Vida en pacientes adultos con cáncer / Validation of the Purpose in Life Test (PIL) in adult patients with cancer

Introducción: El sentido de la vida es lo que da significado y ayuda a encontrar un soporte interno a la existencia. Sin embargo, el padecimiento de una enfermedad oncológica pudiera conllevar su pérdida o afectación. Diversos logoterapeutas han intentado evaluar la percepción del sentido de la vida que experimenta el hombre mediante instrumentos de evaluación estandarizados. En Cuba no existe un instrumento que evalúe esta importante categoría psicológica. Objetivo: Determinar la fiabilidad y validez del instrumento Sentido de Vida en adultos con cáncer atendidos en el Instituto Nacional de Oncología y Radiobiología de La Habana, Cuba. Material y Métodos: La investigación consistió en el desarrollo de una tecnología para validar el Test Sentido de Vida mediante el análisis de Fiabilidad (a través de la Consistencia Interna) y el análisis de la Validez de contenido y de constructo. El Test Sentido de Vida, diseñado por Crumbaugh y Maholick y validado en la población española por Noblezas, fue sometido a un proceso de adaptación lingüística y cultural. En el diseño se contó con la participación de un grupo de cinco expertos psicólogos en la revisión del componente lingüístico, desde una perspectiva del contexto en que se aplicaría el instrumento. Resultados: Se obtuvo un α de Cronbach global de 0,853; se modificaron los ítems 6, 10,12 y 16 de los 20 reactivos que componen el test y a pesar de la concepción unidimensional del instrumento, se identificaron 5 componentes correlacionados entre sí. Conclusiones: Los resultados confirmaron la validez y confiabilidad del Test Sentido de Vida en los pacientes con cáncer estudiados(AU)

Introduction: The sense of life gives meaning and helps to find an internal support to existence. However, the suffering of an oncological disease could lead to its loss or affectation. Several logotherapists have tried to assess the perception of the sense of life experienced by the human being through standardized assessment instruments. In Cuba, there is no instrument that evaluates this important psychological category. Objective: To determine the reliability and validity of the Purpose in Life Test (PIL) in adults with cancer treated in the National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology of Havana, Cuba. Material and Methods: The research consisted of the development of a technology aimed at validating the Purpose in Life Test (PIL) through the analysis of Internal Consistency Reliability and the analysis of the Content and Construct Validity. The Purpose in Life Test (PIL), which was designed by Crumbaugh and Maholick and validated in the Spanish population by the Nobility was submitted to a linguistic and cultural adaptation process. In the design, a group of five experts in Psychology participated in the review of the linguistic component from a context perspective in which the instrument would be applied. Results: Overall Cronbach's α was 0,853; items 6,10,12 and 16 of the 20 items that make up the test were modified and, despite the one-dimensional conception of the instrument, 5 correlated components were identified. Conclusions: The results confirmed the validity and reliability of the Purpose in Life Test in the patients with cancer studied(AU)

O suicídio: um problema (também) filosófico / Suicide: a philosophical issue (as well)

Neste texto, procuro abordar o problema do suicídio a partir de uma leitura sob um viés filosófico-psicológico. Primeiramente, ofereço alguns aportes acerca do problema da morte voluntária estabelecendo um grande arco de reflexão que vai de Platão a Schopenhauer. Num segundo momento, aduzo as contribuições de Shneidman e Frankl, os quais, sob um prisma analítico-comportamental, procuram responder à grande pergunta acerca do sentido da vida e de como a falta dele pode levar a uma crise suicida. Remeto também, ainda que de modo bem pontual, às contribuições de Botega acerca do problema do suicídio no Brasil. Por fim, ofereço algumas considerações que podem ampliar o debate sobre o problema do suicídio, uma temática que permanece silenciosa em grande parte das discussões acadêmicas.

In this paper I intend to present some remarks on suicide having as my point of depart a philosophical-psychological approach. Firstly, I offer a somewhat extensive point of view regarding the voluntary death by means of a reflexive dialogue that brings together the main proposals from Plato to Schopenhauer. Furthermore, the contributions of Shneidman and Frankl are complementary, by means of an analytical-behaviorist approach in order to further my arguments regarding the major question about the sense of life and to what extent its lacking can lead to a suicidal crisis. The study of Botega is also mentioned once it is the best comprehensive survey so far in Brazil. The closing section offers some remarks which could be used to widen the horizon on suicide, an issue that remains profoundly silent in most of academic debate.

Study on the impact of medical environment on the life meaning of medical students / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective To study on the impact of medical environment on the life meaning of med-ical students. Methods A stratified sampling method was used to investigate 220 medical students in September 2013. The content of the survey includes the evaluation of the doctor-patient relationship, the evaluation of the medical ethics of medical personnel, and the influencing factors of the life meaning of medical students. SPSS 19.0 was used to make the chi-square test and multiple linear regression analysis of the data. Results For the evaluation of the current social present situation and doctor-patient relationship, there is statistical difference (P<0.05) between the students of different sex, the student cadres and the non-student cadres. For the medical ethics present situation evaluation, there is statistically significant difference of evaluation (P<0.05) between student cadres and non-student cadres and students with different professional interests. Average score of life meaning is 85.8 points, and whether students like the profession, the current view of the doctor-patient relationship, and the current study and work conditions are the main impact factors affecting the medical students' sense of meaning of life in. Conclusions To enhance medical students' sense of life, we need to attach importance to clinical practice, strengthen professional ideological education, guide students to learn actively, and make objective and rational evaluation of medical status.

Correlation study between nursing students′ sense of life meaning and death attitudes / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To analyze the relevance between the nursing students′ sense of life meaning and death attitudes. Methods 181 nursing students were surveyed with the Purpose In Life Test (PIL) and Death Attitude Profile-Revised (DAP-R), and then did the relevant statistical analysis. Results The nursing undergraduates′overall average of PIL was (91.45 ± 10.54) points, and the neutral acceptance death attitude got the highest scores which were 24.14 ± 5.78, while escape acceptance got the lowest scores which were 11.76 ± 3.61. And there was a significant negative correlation (r =-0.257, P <0.05) between the sense of life meaning and death attitudes. Conclusions There was a significant negative correlation between the sense of life meaning and death attitudes, the more sense of life meaning was, the more positive attitudes toward death would be. So it′s of great importance to provide life-and-death education to improve the nursing students′sense of life meaning and death attitudes.

Study on the relationship between medical students' general self-efficacy and sense life meaning / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective To understand the current status of students' self-efficacy and sense of life meaning in medical college students, and explore the relationship between them, then give advice to improve the students' general self-efficacy and the sense of life meaning.Methods A random sampling method was used to select 386 undergraduates in a medical college from freshman to senior.The purpose in life test (PIL) revised by He Jiying (1994) and general self efficacy scale (GSES) revised by Wang Caikang (2001) were used in this research.Data were analyzed by SPSS 18.0 software, and the data were analyzed by t test, x2 test, Spearman correlation analysis.Inspection level of alpha=0.01 (double side).Results The score of GSES was (2.62 ± 0.40), and the score of PIL was (74.06 ± 11.09);t test showed that the PIL score of students with higher GSES score was higher than the PIL score of students with lower GSES score (t=5.054, P=0.000);The correlation analysis showed that GSES score was positively correlated with PIL score (r=0.283, P=0.000).Conclusion The general self-efficacy and sense of life meaning of medical college students are in the medium level, and the positive correlation exists between the two.A series of measures should be adopted to strengthen the students' general efficacy, so as to improve their sense of life.

5. Searching for the origin of medical care and welfare: / 医学教育

  I compared the education experiences of cultural anthropology majors and nursing students, with an emphasis on the later, and discuss how the experience of making bamboo musical instruments is effective for revealing the relations among humans, nature, and health. The aim of learning to make bamboo musical instruments for students not specializing in cultural anthropology, such as nursing students, is to encourage thinking about the origin of medicine and welfare from a universal viewpoint more rooted in life. Developing a new method leading to education to maintain “a sense of life” possessed by all people is as important as professional training in medical education. To provide a way of gaining an understanding of “life” through taking part in the activities of life is the role of cultural anthropology.

Categorías de un modelo andragógico para los cuidadores de enfermos de Alzheimer / Towards improving an Andragogic learning Model for professional taking care of Alzheimer Patients

Introducción. La andragogía está orientada hacia la educación de los adultos; los cuidadores como adulto responsables de un enfermo de Alzheimer deben contar con herramientas didácticas que mejoren su calidad de vida y desempeño. Objetivo. Determinar el enfoque para un modelo andragógico que incremente la capacidad del cuidador de un enfermo de Alzheimer basado en el significado de su experiencia. Metodología. Se trata un estudio observacional, descriptivo, exploratorio; la muestra fue de 29 cuidadores de enfermos de Alzheimer, siendo adultos, mujeres y familiares cercanos del paciente. A dichos cuidadores se le aplicó un cuestionario de 22 ítems de sobrecarga del cuidador propuesta por Zarit sobre la relación del cuidador con el enfermo, las relaciones sociales del cuidador, el efecto del cuidado en el estrés, capacidad y su salud, teniendo un alfa de Cronbach de .93. Resultados. Los resultados del estudio señalaron que el modelo andragógico debe orientarse de manera particular hacia conocimientos, habilidades e información que forme e instruya al cuidador sobre su capacidad para hacer frente al cuidado de un enfermo de Alzheimer, elementos como salud, relaciones con el paciente y con otras personas son afectados por razón del cuidado. De los resultados de otras investigaciones donde está presente un cuidador y un paciente, el presente documento coincide en señalar una incidencia sobre la vida cotidiana del cuidador por efecto de las relaciones y la gravedad de la enfermedad del paciente. Conclusiones: Es factible diseñar un modelo andragógico fundamentado en: conocimientos, habilidades e información que instruyan al cuidador sobre su capacidad para hacer frente al cuidado de un enfermo de Alzheimer.

Viktor Emil Frankl: el médico y el pensador de una vida con sentido / Viktor Emil Frankl: the physician and the thinker of a life with sense

Viktor Emil Frankl, nacido en Viena a comienzos del siglo XX en el seno de una familia judía, llegó a ser uno de los hombres más carismáticos de ese siglo, no solo como médico psiquiatra, neurólogo y filósofo, sino también como persona, por su calidad humana, sus aportes científicos y su testimonio de vida. Creador de la Logoterapia, considerada como uno de los modelos más importantes de Psicoterapia Existencial, se interesó profundamente por el problema del Sentido de la Vida y cómo éste se puede ver afectado por experiencias tan traumáticas y dolorosas como las que él mismo debió enfrentar durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial, tras su cautiverio en los campos de concentración nazis. Luego de sobrevivir a esta devastadora experiencia, dedicó gran parte de su vida a difundir la Logoterapia; utilizando este modelo psicoterapéutico tanto en su ejercicio clínico como en su labor docente, ayudó a muchas personas a descubrir y a reorientar el sentido de sus vidas. Autor de numerosos libros, dejó un valioso legado para la humanidad, una luz de esperanza, y así mismo, una invitación para aquellos que como médicos o como psicólogos hemos decidido acoger su teoría: Valorar lo que de humano hay en el enfermo, y no sólo la enfermedad que hay en el hombre.

Viktor Emil Frankl was born in Vienne at the beginning of the XX century, the son of a Jewish family. He ended up being one of the most charismatic men of that century, not only as physician, psychiatrist, neurologist and philosopher, but also as a human being because of his qualities, his scientific production, and the testimony of his life. He was the creator of Logotherapy, which is considered one of the most important models of Existential Psychotherapy. He was deeply interested in the problem of the Sense of Life and of how it can be affected by traumatic and painful experiences, such as the ones he faced during World War II being a prisoner at several Nazi concentration camps. Having survived such devastating experiences, he devoted many years to diffuse Logotherapy using this psychotherapeutic model both in his clinical practice and in his activities as a professor. This way he helped many people to discover and to reorient the sense of their lives. He wrote many books and left for humankind a valuable legacy, a light of hope, and an invitation for those that, as physicians or psychologists, have accepted his theory: to value the human aspects of diseased people, and not only their sickness.

Sentido da vida para o cliente com câncer: uma abordagem existencial humanista / Meaning of life to a cancer patient: an existential humanistic approach

Estudo de abordagem qualitativa, fundamentado na análise existencial de Viktor Emil Frankl, teve como objetivo compreender o sentido da vida para o cliente portador de câncer...

Suicidio y logoterapia / Suicide and Logotherapy

Esta reflexión se orienta hacia una comprensión más profunda del suicidio, en particular y de la muerte, en general. Para ello, se realiza un análisis tanto de la muerte como del suicidio desde una perspectiva antropológica, bioética y logoterapéutica; en éste, se resalta el valor y la dignidad de la vida humana, señalando la importancia que tiene el sentido de la vida como aspecto fundamental para afrontar las crisis existenciales y para enfrentar el suicidio.

This reflection is geared towards a deeper understanding of suicide, in particular and death, in general. For this, an analysis of both death and suicide is carried out from an anthropological, bioethical and logotherapeutic perspective; in it, the value and dignity of human life is highlighted, pointing out the importance of the meaning of life as a fundamental aspect to face existential crises and to face suicide.